A Survey on Energy Efficient Strategies for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

Ongoing advancements in electro-mechanical, power electronics and wireless communications have made possible the use of wireless sensor networks in remote applications such as environmental conditions, forest fire protection and target monitoring in military applications. These unattended applications require a huge number of sensor nodes working efficiently together for a common goal. Since sensor nodes have limited energy resources, it is of vital importance to use them in an efficient manner to improve a network’s lifetime. Clustering is one of the most effective ways to achieve this. Clusters are more efficient when they work together since nodes may not have the same amount of energy, making it even more vital for them to do so. Homogeneous and heterogeneous types of wireless sensor networks exist. Energyefficient clustering strategies in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks are examined in this research. There are nodes in homogeneous wireless sensor networks that have equal resources, while there are nodes with different energy levels in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks that enhance the network lifespan.