A Review on IoT-Driven Digital Ecosystems for Intelligent and Sustainable Systems

The evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) has enabled traditional embedded systems to become intelligent and connected systems that can sense, compute, and communicate through communication networks. Through the incorporation of sensors, actuators, microcontrollers, and Internet connectivity, the IoT-enabled embedded systems have been able to provide monitoring capabilities, control functionalities, and computing functionalities for real-time information processing. The rising demand for faster communication, improved security measures, energy efficiency, smaller hardware sizes, and improved connectivity has contributed to the adoption of IoT in engineering applications. The current paper explores the concepts of IoT-based monitoring and control systems in terms of their architectures, communication technologies, sensing technologies, and implementation technologies. The current paper also explores the increased usage of these systems in various applications such as industrial automation, healthcare, consumer electronics, automotive systems, smart home systems, telemedicine, and smart cities.