Steering-Predictive Adaptive Regenerative Braking Control for Improved Vehicle Stability in Electric Vehicles

Electric vehicles use regenerative braking to recover part of the vehicle’s kinetic energy during deceleration. In many existing control strategies, the main objective is maximizing energy recovery, while the interaction between braking and steering is often not considered. When a vehicle is braking while turning, the braking torque applied to the driven wheels can influence the available lateral tire force and may affect stability. This study investigates a steering-adaptive regenerative braking method that adjusts braking torque based on steering wheel motion. The controller monitors the steering angular rate and interprets a rapid steering input as the beginning of a turn. If the steering rate exceeds 30°/s, the regenerative braking torque is temporarily reduced to limit braking force at the rear axle. The approach is evaluated using numerical simulation of a vehicle dynamics model during an aggressive turning maneuver. The simulation results indicate a small decrease in peak rear sideslip of about 2.9% compared with a conventional constant-torque regenerative braking strategy. Yaw-rate behavior and lateral acceleration remain largely unchanged, while the recovered braking energy decreases by approximately 0.9%. These findings suggest that steering-adaptive modulation of regenerative braking can slightly improve stability during turning with only a minor reduction in energy recovery.