Post-Quantum Cryptography Implementation with Kyber and Dilithium

Data security and privacy is becoming a major issue because of ease of technology usage and presence of huge amounts of data. Cryptography is being used in present communication and data storage processes to ensure security and privacy of information. Now the scientists are working on quantum computers to improve the computing power so that very complex problems can be solved in short time. But quantum computing can also be used to break the existing cryptography algorithms in small time. Security should be improved in such a way that data can be secured even if quantum computers are used. Such methods of security are known as Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC), Quantum-Resistant Cryptography (QRC), etc. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has proposed some algorithms which can provide security from quantum attacks which are CRYSTALS-Dilithium, CRYSTALS-Kyber, SPHINCS+ and FALCON. These algorithms can provide security from both classical and quantum attacks on data. This paper aims to demonstrate Kyber and Dilithium algorithms to secure the data while communicating with others using the methods of encrypting and decrypting the data and SHA-256 algorithm for data signatures. By using Shor’s algorithm we can try to break the cryptography algorithms, which help us to estimate how secure our algorithms are from quantum attacks.