Adaptive Impedance Tracking (AIT)

Over time, speaker performance deteriorates due to mechanical aging, particularly diaphragm fatigue, leading to lower sound output and increased power consumption. Conventional audio systems with fixed or user-controlled gain do not adapt to this degradation. In multi-speaker environments, microphone-based monitoring is impractical due to acoustic overlap. This paper proposes a real-time automatic gain control system based solely on electrical feedback by monitoring voltage and current at the speaker termin2als. A microcontroller continuously computes power consumption and dynamically adjusts amplifier gain using a digital potentiometer or programmable gain amplifier. This approach ensures consistent sound output, improves efficiency, and prolongs speaker life without external acoustic sensors.