Performance Evaluation of Quaternary Concrete Incorporating Locally Sourced Bagasse Ash, Eggshell Powder and Copper Slag

This study explores the mechanical and durability properties of quaternary concrete. Quaternary concrete is mix of concrete of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) replaced with Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA), Eggshell Powder (ESP), Copper Slag (CS). All the materials are locally available in Central India. Various mix combinations (SCBA6-15 %, ESP 2-5 %, CS 2-10%) were prepared and tested for compressive strength, flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), rebound hammer test and permeability test at 7 and 28 days. The results shown that the mix M-80-12-3-5 achieved the great performance with a 28-days compressive strength of 50.98 MPa, flexural strength of 5.01 MPa, UPV of 6.51 km/s, rebound number of 49, and permeability of 1.5 × 10?¹² m/s (18 mm depth of penetration) exceeding conventional concrete. This enhancement is mainly due to the SCBA's pozzolanic silica, ESP's calcium and densifying property of CS. After optimum levels, strength is reduced due to cement dilution. The study confirms that locally available Supplementary Cementitious Materials can be cost effective, eco-friendly and high performance concrete suitable for sustainable civil infrastructures.