A Review on Integrated, Climate-Aware Frameworks for Precision Agriculture: Moving Beyond IoT for Accessible Solutions

Crop optimization remains a critical challenge in modern agriculture, especially for small- and medium scale farmers who cannot afford high-cost precision agriculture systems. Traditional IoT-based solutions depend heavily on expensive sensors and complex infrastructure, limiting accessibility and adoption. Furthermore, many existing tools operate in isolation and lack integration with real-time weather and soil dynamics. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a sensor-free, data-driven crop optimization system that combines soil data, farmer input, and live weather updates to deliver timely, personalized, and cost-effective recommendations, empowering farmers to enhance productivity, sustainability, and decision-making efficiency.