IoT-Enabled Non-Invasive Blood Pressure and Vital Signs Monitoring System

The increasing demand for accessible healthcare has spurred development of remote monitoring systems for aging populations and underserved communities. This research proposes an IoT-based vital sign monitoring system to non-invasively track heart rate, body temperature, and blood pressure using cost-effective sensors and microcontrollers. The system leverages ESP32 for real-time data acquisition from wearable sensors, ensuring low power consumption and wireless communication. A novel Pulse Transit Time (PTT)-based algorithm estimates blood pressure non-invasively, eliminating inflatable cuffs. Data is transmitted to a secure cloud platform with intuitive dashboard access for healthcare providers and patients. The system’s scalability, energy efficiency, and affordability suit home-based monitoring and resource-constrained deployments. Experimental results demonstrate accuracy comparable to clinical standards, potentially reducing hospital readmissions and enhancing proactive healthcare delivery.