Towards Secure Autonomous Mobility: A Survey on CAV Cybersecurity

Connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) are receiving notable attention recently as they are trying to replace manual driving with autonomous systems. CAVs are enhancing the modern-day transportation by integrating various sensors, perception, decision making and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication technologies. This innovative setting enables improved road safety by minimizing the risk of traffic accidents resulting from human error. The goal of CAV is to improve road safety, enhance the driving experience, increase efficiency and enable future technologies like autonomous driving. The reliance of CAVs on in-vehicle electronic and communication protocols make them highly susceptible to cyberattacks. Cybersecurity breaches in CAVs may lead to serious consequences, including loss of privacy and data manipulation to physical harm and disrupted traffic. This study focuses on the different threats, attacks, and countermeasures related to CAVs. It also examines the motivations behind these attacks and the defense mechanisms available to counter them. By reviewing existing solutions along with emerging technologies and trends, the study aims to contribute toward the safe and secure deployment of autonomous mobility.