Impact of Vehicle to Grid on Battery Life and Grid Stability-A Review

The integration of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology offers significant potential for enhancing grid stability by allowing electric vehicles (EVs) to return stored power to the grid during peak demand. However, this bi-directional flow of energy raises concerns about its impact on the battery life of electric vehicles. This paper reviews the dual impact of V2G technology on grid performance and battery longevity. The review examines various V2G implementations, focusing on how different operational strategies and usage patterns influence battery degradation and grid performance. Factors such as the frequency and depth of discharge cycles, battery chemistry, and charging infrastructure are discussed concerning their roles in determining battery health. Furthermore, the paper explores the potential benefits of V2G in supporting renewable energy integration, reducing grid stress, and providing ancillary services, juxtaposed with the challenges of accelerated battery wear and the economic implications for EV owners. The review concludes with recommendations for optimizing V2G systems to balance grid support with minimal battery impact, highlighting areas where further research is needed to address the gaps in understanding this complex interaction.