Revolutionizing Cementitious Materials: A Review on Fly ash and GGBS-based Geopolymer Applications

This paper examines the transformative potential of geopolymer technology in promoting sustainable construction by employing fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag as fundamental components in cementitious materials. Addressing the environmental challenges associated with Ordinary Portland Cement, particularly its significant CO₂ emissions, the study identifies geopolymers as an innovative solution to mitigate these impacts. Through the activation of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag using alkaline solutions, geopolymers exhibit enhanced mechanical properties, environmental advantages, and improved durability under harsh conditions compared to Ordinary Portland Cement. The analysis highlights the critical roles of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃-rich precursors, precise activator ratios, and optimized curing regimes in achieving superior strength, reduced permeability, and thermal stability. The findings advocate for the broad adoption of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag based geopolymers, positioning them as a crucial strategy for reducing the carbon footprint and advancing sustainable infrastructure development.