Organic Farming: A Sustainable Approach to Agriculture

Organic farming is a sustainable agricultural practice that prioritizes environmental health by eliminating synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It emphasizes natural processes to enhance soil fertility, promote biodiversity, and maintain ecological balance. This paper explores the significance of organic farming, its current status in India, and the various phases involved in the organic farming process. Key aspects discussed include soil health management, crop production and growth, weed control, pest and disease management, harvesting and post-harvest handling, supply chain management, and future research directions to advance organic farming practices. Additionally, the paper examines the integration of emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in organic agriculture. AI-driven innovations, including predictive analytics, automated monitoring, and AI-powered supply chain solutions, have the potential to enhance productivity, optimize resource use, and improve economic viability for farmers. The study also highlights key challenges in organic farming, such as lower yields, market accessibility, and the need for technological advancements, while presenting policy recommendations and research opportunities to strengthen organic agriculture’s role in sustainable food production.