Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks without Anchors within Square Topology

In the realm of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the predominant focus lies on the precise tracking of positions. Despite the widespread acknowledgment of the importance of location data, the utilization of GPS devices within expansive sensor networks remains limited. This is primarily attributed to the considerable expense linked with GPS equipment and the extensive challenges posed by environmental conditions, which often obstruct the availability and reliability of GPS signals. Recognizing the essential of establishing node positions in the absence of GPS, we've introduced a novel localization algorithm tailored specifically for WSNs. Unlike conventional methods reliant on fixed anchor nodes, our approach circumvents this dependency. Instead, it leverages internode distances as the cornerstone of its localization strategy. By analyzing the average distance between neighboring nodes, our algorithm effectively determines the precise location of the reference node, offering a robust and costeffective alternative to GPS-based positioning techniques within wireless sensor networks.