A Steady Power Flow in Grid Connected Hybrid PV/WIND/BESS/FC Systems using PSO-LPF-PI Controller

This paper presents a novel converter-less control approach for a grid-connected hybrid system integrating solar photovoltaic (PV), wind, and fuel cell technologies with battery energy storage. Traditional hybrid systems typically rely on multiple power electronic converters to manage the power flow between various sources and the grid, increasing complexity and cost. The proposed method eliminates the need for these converters by leveraging advanced control algorithms that directly interface with the grid. This approach simplifies the system architecture, enhances reliability, and reduces maintenance requirements. The control strategy ensures optimal power distribution from PV, wind, and fuel cell sources, while the battery energy storage system (BESS) provides ancillary services such as frequency regulation and load balancing. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system in maintaining grid stability, improving energy efficiency, and reducing operational costs. This converter-less method represents a significant advancement in the field of renewable energy integration, offering a more streamlined and costeffective solution for sustainable power generation.