Advancements in Islanding Detection Techniques for Microgrid Systems: A Comprehensive Review

The integration of distributed generators (DGs) with microgrids has seen substantial growth due to their variable power management capabilities. DG sources, such as solar PV systems, wind turbine systems, battery sources, and diesel generators, are becoming increasingly prevalent in the power grid. Inverter technology plays a crucial role in ensuring seamless connection between DG systems and the power grid or microgrid, minimizing power fluctuations. Adherence to international standards, including IEEE 1547, IEC 61727, and UL 1741, is essential for safe grid-connected DG operation. Additionally, microgrid systems also need to comply with these standards for the successful integration of DGs. Islanding, wherein a small section of the microgrid operates independently, disconnected from the main power grid, poses risks to human safety and equipment. To address this, various techniques have been developed for islanding detection, including Impedance measurement-based, Transient components calibration-based, ANFIS-based, Transfer learning model-based, Reactive power PandO anti-islanding, Low voltage ride through (LVRT) method, Signal trajectory pattern recognition-based, Phase-shifted feedforward voltage-based, Rate of change of reactive power measurement-based, Two-level method, Graph Search Method-based, Active Unintentional Islanding Detection, and Hybrid Islanding Detection Method. This review paper thoroughly examines these islanding detection techniques for DGs in microgrid systems, providing a comprehensive understanding of their capabilities and limitations