Hate Speech Detection on Social Media using Machine Learning and Deep Learning: A review

Online toxic narratives may cause disputes and hurt virtual communities. Social networking sites are used in modern culture to share ideas and feelings. However, it occasionally can result in hate speech. Hate speech is offensive targeting someone or a group of people because of one or more of their origins, races, genders, religions, impairments, or other traits. It is a serious problem since it can have terrible results. In this paper, we have systematically investigated the various research works based on machine learning and deep learning techniques for text-based offensive speech classification. This research also offers empirical facts on the inherent features of hateful speech and assists in identifying future research