A Novel Clustering and Optimization Strategy for Network Lifetime Enhancement in Wireless Sensor Network

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a collection of distributed, specialised sensors that can analyse, communicate, and sense data from a base station known as the sink. WSN is essential when a network connection is needed immediately, such as in cases of emergency surveillance, remote monitoring, healthcare, military field communication, home automation, or industrial automation. Usually, sensor nodes are positioned in inaccessible or challenging-toreach locations. Gathering data from sensor nodes and sending it to a sink is the WSN's main duty. In essence, the sensor nodes are clustered using the clustering approach. A sensor node designated as the Cluster Head (CH) in each cluster has the power to add and remove Cluster members. The gateway (GW) node in WSNs links to many clusters for multi-hop communication. The communication overhead for multi-hop communication is kept to a minimum and the quickest path between the source node and the sink is carefully chosen. Because the CH and GW nodes were carefully chosen, the WSN's lifespan is increased while the VI sensor nodes' energy consumption is reduced. The key challenge for cluster-based routing is choosing an efficient CH and GW node. For this reason, the REAS (Residual Energy Aware Angle-based Routing Protocol for Cluster-based Wireless Sensor Networks) is recommended for the strategic selection of the CH and GW nodes, leveraging elements such as the node's residual energy and the angle and distance between the node and the sink. The setup phase and steady-state phase of REAS are used to ensure efficient information routing from the source node to the sink. When the clusters are constructed using the CM, CH, and GW nodes, the shortest routing path is determined. During the steady-state phase, data are collected from the CMs and transferred to the sink. While evaluating REAS performance, end-to-end latency, remaining energy, longevity, packet delivery ratio, and energy efficiency are all taken into account. The REAS protocol's intended platform is Network Simulator 2 (NS2) version 2.34. The performance of the SEECH (Scalable Energy Efficient Clustering Hierarchy) and ARPEES (Adaptive Routing Protocol with Energy Efficiency and Event Clustering for Wireless Sensor Networks) protocols is compared with that of the REAS protocol by varying the number of rounds. The simulation results demonstrate that, in terms of residual energy, lifetime, packet delivery ratio, energy efficiency, and end-to-end latency, the REAS protocol is superior than the ARPEES and SEECH protocols