Ethereum Smart Contract Threats, Attacks and Solutions: A Survey

The importance and popularity of Ethereum smart contract has been continuously growing despite the availability of alternatives such as polkadot, Hyperledger Fabric and Stellar. Smart contracts are program that can be run on decentralized blockchain network with its most important property immutability. Due to this property, smart contract once deployed on the blockchain network, it cannot be modified or updated even for security enhancement purpose also. Hence it is necessary to develop strong secure contract program before deploying it on blockchain network and avoid potential exploitation and delay. Smart contracts are vulnerable to different typed of threats and attacks. To develop secure smart contracts is one of the most important challenges. In this paper we have analyzed different types of vulnerabilities on ethereum smart contract. We also review some available tools that detect these vulnerabilities. The main objective of this paper is to identify the research gap after carrying out literature survey of smart contract security and propose a model to improve security of smart contract.